Answers and explanations for the 10 high-yield multiple-choice questions on the genitourinary system:
Questions are here on Gennitourinary System
1. Which structure connects the kidneys to the urinary bladder and serves as a conduit for urine transport?
Answer: b) Ureter
Explanation: The ureters are muscular tubes that connect each kidney to the urinary bladder. They transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder, where urine is temporarily stored before being eliminated from the body through the urethra.
2. The glomerulus is a crucial component of which part of the nephron?
Answer: e) Bowman's capsule
Explanation: The glomerulus is a network of capillaries within Bowman's capsule, which is part of the renal corpuscle in the nephron. It plays a central role in the initial filtration of blood to form urine.
3. Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating water reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidneys?
Answer: b) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Explanation: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland, acts on the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the nephron to increase water reabsorption, thereby concentrating urine and reducing water loss.
4. The condition characterized by the presence of abnormally high levels of protein in the urine is known as:
Answer: d) Proteinuria
Explanation: Proteinuria refers to the presence of excess protein, typically albumin, in the urine. It can be a sign of kidney dysfunction or damage, as the glomerular filtration barrier becomes more permeable to larger molecules like proteins.
5. Which of the following is a common risk factor for the development of kidney stones?
Answer: c) Hypercalcemia
Explanation: Hypercalcemia, or elevated levels of calcium in the blood, is a common risk factor for the development of kidney stones. Calcium can combine with other substances in the urine to form crystals that can eventually become kidney stones.
6. Which part of the male reproductive system produces the majority of the seminal fluid?
Answer: c) Prostate gland
Explanation: The prostate gland is responsible for producing the majority of seminal fluid. This fluid, along with sperm produced in the testes and other fluids from the seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands, makes up semen.
7. The presence of an extra X chromosome (XXY) is associated with which condition in males?
Answer: c) Klinefelter syndrome
Explanation: Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic disorder in males characterized by the presence of an extra X chromosome (XXY). It can lead to a range of symptoms, including infertility, reduced testosterone production, and other developmental issues.
8. The structure that transports both sperm and urine through the male reproductive system is the:
Answer: b) Urethra
Explanation: The urethra is the structure that transports both sperm from the reproductive organs and urine from the bladder out of the body. It serves as a common passage for both functions.
9. Which part of the female reproductive system is responsible for the production of eggs (ova) and the secretion of female sex hormones?
Answer: d) Ovaries
Explanation: The ovaries are the primary female reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs (ova) and secreting female sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. They play a crucial role in the menstrual cycle and fertility.
10. The release of an egg from a mature ovarian follicle is known as:
Answer: b) Ovulation
Explanation: Ovulation is the process in which a mature egg (ovum) is released from a follicle in the ovary. It typically occurs midway through the menstrual cycle and is a key event for fertility and reproduction.
Understanding these answers and explanations will provide you with a solid foundation in the genitourinary system and help you succeed in your studies and clinical practice. If you have any more questions or need further clarification, feel free to ask!
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