10 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) designed for the USMLE (United States Medical Licensing Examination)
Questions:
- A 55-year-old man presents with a history of progressive shortness of breath and a chronic productive cough. He has a 40 pack-year smoking history. Physical examination reveals decreased breath sounds and hyperresonance to percussion. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A) Asthma
- B) Bronchiectasis
- C) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- D) Pulmonary Fibrosis
- E) Congestive Heart Failure
- A 25-year-old woman presents with fever, malaise, and a maculopapular rash that started on her face and spread to her trunk and extremities. She also has tender postauricular lymphadenopathy. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
- A) Measles
- B) Rubella
- C) Varicella
- D) Roseola
- E) Scarlet Fever
- A 60-year-old woman with a history of hypertension presents with sudden-onset severe headache, vomiting, and loss of consciousness. Her blood pressure is 220/130 mmHg. A CT scan of the head shows a hemorrhage. What is the most likely location of the hemorrhage?
- A) Epidural space
- B) Subdural space
- C) Subarachnoid space
- D) Intraparenchymal
- E) Ventricular system
- A 32-year-old woman presents with fatigue, weight gain, constipation, and cold intolerance. Physical examination reveals dry skin and a delayed relaxation phase of deep tendon reflexes. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
- A) Hyperthyroidism
- B) Hypothyroidism
- C) Addison's disease
- D) Cushing's syndrome
- E) Pheochromocytoma
- A 45-year-old man presents with chest pain that occurs at rest and is relieved by nitrates. His ECG shows transient ST-segment elevation during episodes of pain. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
- A) Stable angina
- B) Unstable angina
- C) Myocardial infarction
- D) Prinzmetal's angina
- E) Pericarditis
- A 70-year-old man with a history of chronic kidney disease presents with fatigue, pallor, and decreased exercise tolerance. Laboratory studies reveal a hemoglobin level of 8 g/dL. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his anemia?
- A) Iron deficiency
- B) Vitamin B12 deficiency
- C) Anemia of chronic disease
- D) Hemolytic anemia
- E) Aplastic anemia
- A 5-year-old boy presents with a 3-day history of fever, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing. Physical examination reveals an erythematous pharynx with tonsillar exudates and tender cervical lymphadenopathy. What is the most likely causative organism?
- A) Streptococcus pyogenes
- B) Haemophilus influenzae
- C) Epstein-Barr virus
- D) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- E) Candida albicans
- A 40-year-old woman presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Her fasting blood glucose level is 250 mg/dL. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
- A) Diabetes mellitus type 1
- B) Diabetes mellitus type 2
- C) Diabetes insipidus
- D) Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
- E) Hyperthyroidism
- A 30-year-old man presents with a painless, enlarged cervical lymph node. He reports night sweats, fever, and unintentional weight loss over the past 2 months. A lymph node biopsy shows Reed-Sternberg cells. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- B) Hodgkin lymphoma
- C) Metastatic carcinoma
- D) Tuberculosis
- E) Sarcoidosis
- A 3-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department with a high fever, drooling, and difficulty breathing. On examination, she is sitting forward with her neck extended and appears anxious. What is the most appropriate next step in management?
- A) Administer oral antibiotics
- B) Obtain a throat culture
- C) Perform a neck X-ray
- D) Secure the airway
- E) Prescribe corticosteroids
Answers:
C) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)B) Rubella
D) Intraparenchymal
B) Hypothyroidism
D) Prinzmetal's angina
C) Anemia of chronic disease
A) Streptococcus pyogenes
B) Diabetes mellitus type 2
B) Hodgkin lymphoma
D) Secure the airway
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